Typhoon is one of the frequent natural disasters in coastal regions of China. As shown in many studies, the impact of typhoons on the South China Sea (SCS) should not be overlooked. Super typhoon Rammasun (2014) was studied that formed in the northwestern Pacific, passed through the SCS, then landed in the Leizhou Peninsula. Remote sensing data and model products were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of the cold eddies, upwelling, sea surface temperature, mixed layer depth, rainfall, sea surface salinity, suspended sediment concentration, and surface-level anomaly. Results confirm the constant presence of upwelling and cold eddies in the southeast of Hainan (north of the Zhongsha Islands) and the southeast of Vietnam in July. In addition, we found the strengthening effect of super typhoon Rammasun on the upwelling and cold eddies in the SCS. The major reasons for the continuous decrease in sea surface temperature and the slow regaining of seawater temperature were the enhanced upwelling and vertical mixing caused by the typhoon. The increasing of the surface runoff in the Indochina Peninsula was mainly affected by the typhoon, with some contribution for the southeast of Vietnam’s cold eddy and upwelling.

超强台风“威马逊”（2014）对南海上升流和冷涡的加强作用

中文摘要：台风是我国沿海地区常见的自然灾害之一。许多研究表明，台风对南海（SCS）的影响不容忽视。超强台风“威马逊”（2014）形成于西北太平洋，途径南海，然后在雷州半岛登陆。利用遥感数据和模式产品，分析了冷涡、上升流、海表温度、混合层深度、降雨量、海面盐度、悬浮泥沙浓度和海面高度异常的时空变化。结果证明，7月海南东南部（中沙群岛北部）和越南东南部持续存在上升流和冷涡。此外，我们还发现了超强台风“威马逊”对南海上升流和冷涡的加强作用。海表温度持续下降和海水温度回升缓慢的主要原因是台风引起的上升流和垂向混合增强。中南半岛地表径流量的增加主要受台风影响，对越南东南部的冷涡和上升流也有一定的影响。